eng Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research 2980-9703 2025-10-30 4 5 43 56 10.58803/jlar.v4i5.83 93 Zakiyeh Sakhavat Nia 0 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9990-9693 Mehdi Sobhani 1 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7459-7444 Zahra Sobhani 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-5373 Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, highlighting the need for new and complementary therapeutic methods and strategies. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of medicinal plants recommended by the renowned Persian physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina) for TB treatment, focusing on their phytochemical compounds and mechanisms of action. The present study combined a historical analysis of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine to identify medicinal plants used for tuberculosis with a systematic literature review (2000-2024) to evaluate their modern pharmacological evidence. The study targeted antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and symptom-relief activities using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The current findings indicated that several plants, including Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Myrtus communis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Rosa damascena Mill., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Achillea millefolium L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Polygonum aviculare L., Phoenix dactylifera L., and Teucrium polium L., have multifaceted approaches against TB through potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and direct antimycobacterial effects. Bioactive compounds included in these plants, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, are identified as key contributors that reduce oxidative stress, modulate immune responses, inhibit inflammatory mediators such as Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, and directly suppress Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Furthermore, these compounds help mitigate pulmonary damage and enhance host immune defenses. By integrating Avicenna's traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological evidence, the potential of these plants as complementary therapeutic agents for TB was noted. https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/83 Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Avicenna Bioactive compound Mycobacterium tuberculosis