_1766033953 20251218045913000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research J Lab Anim. Res 2980-9703 10 20 2025 4 5 Zakiyeh Sakhavat Nia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9990-9693 Mehdi Sobhani https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7459-7444 Zahra Sobhani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-5373 Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, highlighting the need for new and complementary therapeutic methods and strategies. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of medicinal plants recommended by the renowned Persian physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina) for TB treatment, focusing on their phytochemical compounds and mechanisms of action. The present study combined a historical analysis of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine to identify medicinal plants used for tuberculosis with a systematic literature review (2000-2024) to evaluate their modern pharmacological evidence. The study targeted antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and symptom-relief activities using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The current findings indicated that several plants, including Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Myrtus communis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Rosa damascena Mill., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Achillea millefolium L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Polygonum aviculare L., Phoenix dactylifera L., and Teucrium polium L., have multifaceted approaches against TB through potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and direct antimycobacterial effects. Bioactive compounds included in these plants, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, are identified as key contributors that reduce oxidative stress, modulate immune responses, inhibit inflammatory mediators such as Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, and directly suppress Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Furthermore, these compounds help mitigate pulmonary damage and enhance host immune defenses. By integrating Avicenna's traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological evidence, the potential of these plants as complementary therapeutic agents for TB was noted. 10 30 2025 43 56 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jlar.v4i5.83 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/83 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/83/115 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/83/115 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.023 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.019 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116785 10.1007/s00210-023-02679-z 10.1016/j.prmcm.2024.100521 10.2174/1381612823666170215104101 10.25122/jml-2021-0246 10.3389/fcimb.2022.943545 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146571 World health organization (WHO). World health organization global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. 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