eng Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research 2980-9703 2024-12-30 3 6 40 46 10.58803/jlar.v3i6.50 60 Anu Dinesh 0 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4177-956X Francis B. Fernandez 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-0792 Dinesh Parathazhathayil 0 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-7364 Sooryadas Surendran 0 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-8025 Pradep Mampilly 0 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7506 Anoop Sainulabdeen 0 https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0860-6449 N. S. Jinesh kumar 0 https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0860-6449 V. Remya 0 Varma Harikrishna 2 College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kalpatta, India Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Kerala , India Biomedical Technology department (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala , India Introduction: Biodegradable composite biomaterials are essential in healthcare, effectively tackling numerous complex challenges. Bone reconstruction is a surgical procedure aimed at remedying segmental bone loss, which is notably complicated and often fails to heal properly. A novel bone graft substitute incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) has been developed and is tested in vivo in calvarial defect models of rat. The present study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of PVA – HA composite bone graft. Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats aged 12-15 weeks with an average weight of 150 grams were used in the current study. A 4 mm full-thickness critical-size defect was created on the parietal bone and filled with the pre-sized graft material. Radiography, micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, were utilized to evaluate the healing potential of the graft material.  The animals were observed for twelve weeks. An immediate postoperative dorsoventral view of the skull was exposed at day zero and subsequent radiographs were taken periodically at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 in a group including 24 animals. Results: Immediate post-operative radiographs revealed the radiolucent nature of the graft material. Throughout the healing process, it was observed that the graft remained in position and was intact. The values of serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity) were haphazard throughout the observation period. In the 8th week, signs of progressive degradation of the graft material and bone regeneration could be seen, particularly on radiography, micro-CT scanning electron microscopy, and histologic examination. Conclusion: It is concluded that the test graft material successfully accelerated bone regeneration and completely integrated with the host bone at week 12 of the experiment in the rat model. https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/50 Composite ceramic Critical size calvarial defect Osteoconductive