_1746246263 20250503042423000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research J Lab Anim. Res 2980-9703 12 30 2024 3 6 Anu Dinesh https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4177-956X Francis B. Fernandez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-0792 Dinesh Parathazhathayil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-7364 Sooryadas Surendran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-8025 Pradep Mampilly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7506 Anoop Sainulabdeen https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0860-6449 N. S. Jinesh kumar https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0860-6449 V. Remya Varma Harikrishna Introduction: Biodegradable composite biomaterials are essential in healthcare, effectively tackling numerous complex challenges. Bone reconstruction is a surgical procedure aimed at remedying segmental bone loss, which is notably complicated and often fails to heal properly. A novel bone graft substitute incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) has been developed and is tested in vivo in calvarial defect models of rat. The present study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of PVA – HA composite bone graft. Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats aged 12-15 weeks with an average weight of 150 grams were used in the current study. A 4 mm full-thickness critical-size defect was created on the parietal bone and filled with the pre-sized graft material. Radiography, micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, were utilized to evaluate the healing potential of the graft material.  The animals were observed for twelve weeks. An immediate postoperative dorsoventral view of the skull was exposed at day zero and subsequent radiographs were taken periodically at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 in a group including 24 animals. Results: Immediate post-operative radiographs revealed the radiolucent nature of the graft material. Throughout the healing process, it was observed that the graft remained in position and was intact. The values of serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity) were haphazard throughout the observation period. In the 8th week, signs of progressive degradation of the graft material and bone regeneration could be seen, particularly on radiography, micro-CT scanning electron microscopy, and histologic examination. Conclusion: It is concluded that the test graft material successfully accelerated bone regeneration and completely integrated with the host bone at week 12 of the experiment in the rat model. 12 30 2024 40 46 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jlar.v3i6.50 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/50 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/50/97 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/50/97 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609 10.1186/1749-799X-9-18 Bisht B, Hope A, Mukherjee A, and Paul MK. Advances in the fabrication of scaffold and 3D printing of biomimetic bone graft. Annals of Biomed. Engineering. 2021; 49: 1128-1150. 10.1007/s10439-021-02752-9 10.51966/jvas.2021.52.2.200-203 51966/jvas.2021.52.2.200-203 Manasa M. Healing of bone defects treated with decellularized tissue engineered triphasic composite bioceramic in rat calvarial defect model. M.V.Sc thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India. 2022. 10.1038/nprot.2012.113 Dinesh PT, Venugopal SK, Martin JKD, Devanand CB, Usha N. Pillai and divakaran Nair, 2018. Radiographic evaluation of healing of critical size defects of femur treated with tri-phasic composite bio-ceramic implants in rat models. Ind J Nat Sci. 9: 15504-15507. 10.21175/RadJ.2017.01.011 10.3390/molecules27144535 10.1088/0957-4484/26/40/405101 10.1109/BIOMIC.2018.8610571 10.1002/jbm.b.31701 1002/jbm.b.31701 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.156 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144096 1016/j.gene.2019.144096 10.3390/jfb12010018