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      <depositor_name>Rovedar</depositor_name>
      <email_address>Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com</email_address>
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        <full_title>Journal of Lab Animal Research</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>J Lab Anim. Res</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2980-9703</issn>
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          <month>10</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2024</year>
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          <volume>3</volume>
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        <issue>5</issue>
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          <title>Efficient and Safe Induction of Diabetes in Experimental Animals: A Review on Alternative Models and Techniques</title>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first" language="en">
            <given_name>Kalpana</given_name>
            <surname>Sen</surname>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7138-2868</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional" language="en">
            <given_name>Trilochan</given_name>
            <surname>Satapathy</surname>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-1288</ORCID>
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          <jats:p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multitudinous metabolic disorder that can occur due to insufficient or inefficient levels of insulin that leads to hyperglycemia. In many conditions, diabetes can also directly or indirectly lead to other functional disorders such as dyslipidemia and hypertension making them more severe and life-threatening. It is believed that Type 1 Diabetes can be caused by to process of auto-immune destruction of beta-cells of Islet of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for the production of insulin whereas Type 2 diabetes is because of resistance against insulin along with the futilities of beta-cells to compensate the body with the required amount of insulin. The animal models are considered an essential component in the experimental studies and drug discovery process. Animal models provide safety, effectiveness, and dose of the test substance that needs to be extrapolated to human use. There are several methods for the induction of diabetes in experimental animal models. The present review aimed to discuss and explore currently used approaches including models from streptozotocin-induced diabetes to transgenic models for reproducible and safe diabetes induction in different experimental animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and dogs) and sex. Additionally, some genetically modified animal models are also included and discussed in this review which will pave the way for further studies.
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