_1731572780 20241114082620000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research J Lab Anim. Res 2980-9703 09 07 2024 3 4 Kuskur Sannappa Naik Kamalesh Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-3168 George Chandy Surendran Sooryadas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-8025 Parathazhathayil Dinesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-7364 Kurishinkal Dominic John Martin Padinhare Meleppatt Deepa Binoy Babu Introduction: It is important to capture wild animals with minimal stress to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premedicates have the potential to reduce stress during handling and ease the subsequent administration of anesthetic drugs.  This study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with anesthesia in male Bonnet Macaques using haloperidol or chlordiazepoxide premedication. Materials and methods: Twelve adult male Bonnet Macaques aged around 4 to 6 years were randomly allotted to two groups of six each. The duration of the study was five hours. Animals of Group I were administered chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg body weight) orally and animals of Group II were administered haloperidol (1 mg/kg body weight) orally four hours before anesthetizing with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte, total leucocyte count, the volume of packed red cells, granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte count were evaluated. Biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cortisol, glucose, calcium, sodium, and potassium were evaluated from the venous blood sample collected at 0th minute and 30th minute after induction of anesthesia. Results: The results of the current study indicate that in hematological parameters, the volume of packed cells was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in both groups. The total leucocyte count was significantly different at 0th  and 30th minute in Group I and Group Ⅱ, and the monocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I. For biochemical parameters, a significant difference was observed in creatine kinase in group II at 0th and 30th minute and cortisol at time 0th between Group I and Group II. Conclusion: These results highlight the impact of anesthesia protocols on stress responses in Bonnet Macaques. Haloperidol premedication was linked to a greater increase in cortisol and creatine kinase, indicating higher stress and muscle damage compared to chlordiazepoxide. 09 07 2024 21 26 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jlar.v3i4.43 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/43 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/43/89 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/43/89 Fahlman, A. Advances in wildlife immobilisation and anaesthesia clinical and physiological evaluation in selected species. Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, 2008. Nielsen L. Chemical immobilization of wild and exotic animals. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa Sate University Press; 1999. 10.1002/9780470376478.ch10 Manikandan A. Haemato-biochemical studies in bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata radiata) of 15 cases. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 2017; 2(5): 4-24. https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue5/ PartZ/ 5-5-385-839.pdf Arora BM. Reproduction in wild mammalia and conservation. Association of Indian Zoo and Wild Life Veterinarians, 2002. https://nvli.in/union-catalogue/reproduction-wild-mammalia-and-conservation 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00466.x 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00345.x Buchl SJ, and Howard B. Hematologic and serum biochemical and electrolyte values in clinically normal domestically bred rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) according to age, sex, and gravidity. Lab Animal Sci. 1997; 47: 528-533. PMID: 9355097 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2009.00554.x Herndon JG, and Tigges J. Hematologic and blood biochemical variables of captive chimpanzees: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Comp Med. 2001; 51: 60-69. PMID: 11926304 Mahoney J. Medical care. In: Wolfe-Coote S, editor. The laboratory primate: The handbook of experimental animals. New York: Elsevier-Academic Press; 2005. p. 241- 257. Available at: https://shop.elsevier.com/books/the-laboratory-primate/wolfe-coote/978-0-12-080261-6 10.1016/B978-012080261-6/50011-8 Venkatesan R, Nagarajan P, Rajaretnam RS, and Majumdar SS. Hematologic and serum biochemical values in aged female bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2006; 45: 45-48. PMID: 16542043 10.1007/BF02557725 10.1371/journal.pone.0222338 Palanivelrajan M, Jayarthangaraj MG, Sridhar R, Parthiban M, and Thirumurugan R. Serum bio-chemical indices in captive Bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). Indian J Vet Anim Sci Res. 2015; 44(1): 42-45. DOI: 10.56093/ijvasr.v44i1.147720 10.1186/s42826-019-0006-0 Venkatesan R, Nagarajan P, Rajaretnam RS, and Majumdar SS. Haematologic and serum biochemical value in aged female Bonnet macaques Macaca radiata anaesthesized with ketamine hydrochloride. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 2006; 45(2): 45-48. PMID: 16542043 Loomis MR, Henrickson RV, and Anderson JH. Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on the hemogram of Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Lab AnimSci. 1980; 30: 851-853. PMID: 7431867 10.1538/expanim1978.35.4_455 Hom GJ, Bach TJ, Carroll D, Forrest MJ, Mariano MA, Traino CE, et al. Comparison of cardiovascular parameters and/or serum chemistry and hematology profiles in conscious and anesthetized Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta). J Am Assoc Lab AnimSci. 1999; 38: 60-64. PMID: 12086436 CENTRAL ZOO AUTHORITY (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India). Guidelines for Establishment & Scientific Management of Zoos in India 2008. https://cza.nic.in/guidelines-for-management-of-zoos/en 10.1016/0028-3908(74)90003-3 10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03429.x 10.1126/science.417399 10.1007/BF00492366 10.1590/S0103-84782010000100018 10.1111/jmp.12200 10.1638/2008-0016.1 Snedcor GW, and Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Iowa, USA: The Iowa state university press; 1994. 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2005.00097.x 10.1371/journal.pone.0064892 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00394.x 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00410.x 10.1111/jmp.12062 Wu D, Yi Y, Sun F, Zhou L, Yang F, Wang H, et al. Effects of age and sex on the hematology and blood chemistry of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2014; 53: 12-17. PMID: 24411774 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00474.x Loomis MR, Henrickson RV, and Anderson JH. Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on the hemogram of Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Lab AnimSci. 1980; 30(5): 851-853. PMID: 7431867 10.1258/002367785780942633 10.1111/j.1939-165X.1992.tb00576.x 10.1590/S1413-95961999000300005 Bolliger AP, Everds NE, Zimmerman KL, Moore DM, Smith SA, and Barnhart KF. Hematology of Laboratory Animals. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editors. Schlam's veterinary hematology. 6th ed. USA: Blackwell Publishing LTD; 2010. p. 852-887. https://books.google.com/books/about/Schalm_s_Veterinary_Hematology.html?id=lQXtQn593F4C 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00089.x Palanivelrajan M, Jayathangaraj MG, Sridhar R, and Parthiban M. Haematology of captive Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata). Tamilnadu J Vet Anim Sci. 2011; 7: 216-217. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236297827_HAEMATOLOGY_OF_CAPTIVE_BONNET_MACAQUES_Macaca_radiata 10.1258/002367775780994880 Balasubramanyam D, Geetha G, Shanthi G, and Srinivasan, R. Haematological studies in Bonnet Macaque monkey (Macaca radiata). Indian J Field Vet. 2011; 6: 32-33. Available at: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijfv&volume=6&issue=4&article=010 Ives M, and Dack GM. Alarm reaction and normal blood pictures in Macaca mulatta. Lab Clin Med. 1956; 47: 723-729. Available at: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19561404548 Benjamin MM. Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Kalyani publications; 2001. https://books.google.com/ books/about/ Outline_of_Veterinary_Clinical_Pathology.html?id= m11q9zqMe2EC 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2003.00018.x 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00037-5 10.1002/9780470376478.ch8 10.1530/acta.0.0970118 10.3181/00379727-175-41825 10.1345/aph.18282 10.1016/0893-133X(95)00276-J Montero PFJ, Muñoz AJ, Berlango JA, Durán SM, Calderón DLBVJ, Jiménez ML, and Torres MJ. Increase of blood levels of creatine kinase following intramuscular injection. Med Clin. 1996; 107(17): 649-654. PMID: 9064405 Williams ES, and Throne ET. Exertional myopathy (Capture myopathy). In: Fairbrother A, Locke LN, Hoff GL, editors. Noninfectious diseases of wildlife. 2nd ed. Iowa State University Press; 1996. p. 181-193. https://web.unbc.ca/~wildlifediseaseweb/exertional_myopathy.htm Spraker TR. Stress and capture myopathy in artiodactyids. In: Fowler ME, editor. Zoo and wild animal medicine current therapy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1993. p. 481-488. Available at: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19952206996