Effects of Midazolam-Ketamine Anesthesia on the Haematological and Biochemical Parameters Using Haloperidol or Chlordiazepoxide Premedication in Adult Male Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)
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Abstract
Introduction: It is important to capture wild animals with minimal stress to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premedicates have the potential to reduce stress during handling and ease the subsequent administration of anesthetic drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with anesthesia in male Bonnet Macaques using haloperidol or chlordiazepoxide premedication.
Materials and methods: Twelve adult male Bonnet Macaques aged around 4 to 6 years were randomly allotted to two groups of six each. The duration of the study was five hours. Animals of Group I were administered chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg body weight) orally and animals of Group II were administered haloperidol (1 mg/kg body weight) orally four hours before anesthetizing with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte, total leucocyte count, the volume of packed red cells, granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte count were evaluated. Biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cortisol, glucose, calcium, sodium, and potassium were evaluated from the venous blood sample collected at 0th minute and 30th minute after induction of anesthesia.
Results: The results of the current study indicate that in hematological parameters, the volume of packed cells was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in both groups. The total leucocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I and Group Ⅱ, and the monocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I. For biochemical parameters, a significant difference was observed in creatine kinase in group II at 0th and 30th minute and cortisol at time 0th between Group I and Group II.
Conclusion: These results highlight the impact of anesthesia protocols on stress responses in Bonnet Macaques. Haloperidol premedication was linked to a greater increase in cortisol and creatine kinase, indicating higher stress and muscle damage compared to chlordiazepoxide.
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