Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research 2980-9703 2 5 2023 10 25 Exploiting the Powerful Anti-tumor Effects of Salmonella Typhimurium: Systematic Review 51 62 10.58803/jlar.v2i5.30 eng Seyed Alireza Taheri Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran . sinataheri87@gmail.com Mahsa Norouzi Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mahsanrzi133@gmail.com Atefehsadat Monirvaghefi Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States. amonivaghefi@unmc.edu Fatemeh Najafi Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. miss.fatemeh73@gmail.com Abdolmahdi Asfaram Meshkinshahr Pharm-D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Azerbaijan. abdolmahdiasfaram20@gmail.com Sara Aghili Pharm-D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India . sarasabrina.aghili@gmail.com Golnaz Behzad Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. golnazbehzad973@gmail.com Dorsa Mousavi Khatibi Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran . dormo7700@gmail.com Bahare Kasaei Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. bahare.kasaei@gmail.com Armin Batmani Pharm-D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University, Novgorod, Russia. armin.batmaniasl@gmail.com 2023 10 20 2023 10 26 Introduction: Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) has emerged as a promising agent for cancer therapy. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature regarding the utilization of S. typhimurium as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding the anti-tumor properties of S. typhimurium, encompassing its tumor-targeting mechanisms, impact on tumor growth, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and potential for combination therapies. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using predefined search terms. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included if they investigated the anti-tumor effects of S. typhimurium in vivo. Studies were independently screened, selected, and evaluated for quality by two reviewers. Results: The systematic review identified 152 relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively demonstrated the ability of S. typhimurium to selectively target and colonize tumors, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition in various cancer types. Mechanistic insights revealed that S. typhimurium can induce direct cytotoxicity, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and activate anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, studies highlighted the potential of combining S. typhimurium with conventional therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the promising potential of S. typhimurium as a novel and multifaceted approach to cancer therapy. The accumulated evidence suggests that S. Typhimurium possesses inherent tumor-targeting capabilities, exerts direct anti-tumor effects, and can synergize with other treatment modalities.