_1766033848 20251218045728000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of Lab Animal Research J Lab Anim. Res 2980-9703 10 20 2025 4 5 Negar Ababaf Shoushtari https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4748-5760 Amin Shahinzadeh https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3249-2878 Elaheh Mahmoodi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9542-3441 Bardia Mohammadi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5597-5555 Marziyeh Saki https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9897-9673 Safa Najafi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2851 Sirous Rafiei Asl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-1054 Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new horizons in medical sciences, especially in pathology and surgery. Although AI can enhance diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes, its widespread clinical use faces challenges such as validation, interpretability, and ethical and legal issues. The present study aimed to examine recent developments in AI across pathology, including automated recognition of pathological images and surgery (robotic surgical assistant systems and predictive outcome analysis). The present study analyzed current challenges in implementing AI and provided a perspective on how it can become a reliable tool to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes. An initial and extensive search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, using relevant keywords. Within the clinical pathology section, this review provided a comprehensive examination of how deep learning algorithms and image processing are automating and enhancing data analysis in cytology, hematology, histopathology, and digital pathology. The ability of AI to discover nuanced patterns in vast datasets, greatly improve diagnostic accuracy, and speed up reporting are all impressive capabilities. One of these challenges is the need for large, standardized datasets for algorithm training. Other challenges include clinical validation, ethical concerns, and early costs. In conclusion,  this review anticipates that the integration of AI into clinical pathology and surgical workflows promises enhanced quality of care for laboratory animals alongside more accurate and reliable insights. 10 30 2025 57 62 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jlar.v4i5.84 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/84 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/84/116 https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/download/84/116 Singh AP, Saxena R, Saxena S, and Maurya NK. Artificial intelligence revolution in healthcare: Transforming diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Asian J Adv Res. 2024; 7(1): 241-263. Available at: https://hal.science/hal-05104565/ 10.1038/s41571-019-0252-y 10.1186/s13000-023-01375-z 10.1111/joim.13030 10.1093/ilar/ilz001 10.1038/s41416-020-01122-x 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429097 10.3390/jimaging10100252 10.1080/10408363.2023.2285284 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106419 10.1002/ijc.33570 10.3390/clinpract15090169 10.54097/ajst.v8i2.14945 10.1186/s13000-021-01085-4 10.1177/03009858211040484 10.1038/s44287-023-00012-7 10.1038/s41591-024-02970-3 10.1111/cup.14481 10.1007/978-3-030-33128-3_1 10.1007/s10916-018-1088-1 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.971044 10.7759/cureus.56668 10.3390/vetsci9110620 10.1111/vcp.13400 10.1111/jmi.13433 10.1007/s10278-025-01538-y 10.1016/j.cels.2021.06.006 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.001 10.3389/fmed.2025.1521126 10.31185/wjps.687 10.21608/bvmj.2025.416499.1980 10.21608/ejvs.2024.293158.2126 10.1186/s13567-021-00902-4 10.1080/23744235.2024.2425712 10.1002/puh2.70051 10.7759/cureus.49887 10.1016/j.anclin.2025.04.002 10.1093/database/baaa010 10.3390/jcm14082729 10.1186/s12943-025-02369-9 10.1007/s12094-025-03948-4 10.1007/s12672-025-03495-y 10.3390/ani13152404 10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0285 10.2460/javma.24.01.0027 10.1159/000511934 10.1177/1553350621996961 10.1016/j.surg.2020.10.039 10.1002/ags3.12513 10.1007/s00464-023-10322-4 10.3390/medicina58040459 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105317 10.3389/fvets.2024.1347550 10.1002/qub2.70002 10.1007/s13132-024-02001-z 10.1038/s41746-021-00544-y 10.1136/bmj.m689 10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107268 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088121 10.7759/cureus.46454 10.1038/s41591-018-0307-0 10.2196/25759